In white collar trials, evidence often hinges on a paper trail. But when isolated events are not enough to prove intent, prosecutors may introduce what is known as pattern evidence. This type of evidence shows that repeated behaviors form a consistent strategy or motive. Courts allow it in certain circumstances, but only when it meets legal standards.
Pattern evidence may include emails, financial transactions, or documentation showing a repeated method or scheme. It helps juries connect the dots, especially when no single action seems illegal. The challenge lies in proving the events are connected and not coincidence.
How Prosecutors Use Pattern Evidence
In most white collar cases, direct evidence of intent is rare. A person accused of fraud may never state that they intend to deceive. Prosecutors choose to instead rely on repeated actions that imply a broader plan. This could involve inflated invoices or false statements made to investors over time.
Pattern evidence works best when it shows a consistent method. If someone is accused of embezzlement, prosecutors might show that money was diverted the same way over time. These details support the idea that the conduct was deliberate, not accidental.
What Defense Lawyers Look For
Defense teams often challenge whether the events form a meaningful pattern. Just because someone acted a certain way more than once does not prove intent.
Defense attorneys also push back on whether the evidence is more prejudicial than helpful. They may argue that presenting repeated actions unfairly biases a jury, even if those actions were not illegal. Judges often limit how much can be introduced to avoid this.
Pattern Evidence Must Be Backed By Context
For pattern evidence to matter, context is key. Courts want to see that events are tied to the same goal. Similar decisions across different situations do not prove fraud unless linked to a gain or loss.
Defense lawyers may use witnesses or documents to explain context. A choice that looks suspicious alone may be reasonable when considered with business pressure or market conditions.
Courts Set Limits On What Can Be Used
Pattern evidence cannot include past convictions unless strict legal standards are met. Prosecutors also cannot use unrelated bad acts to make a defendant look guilty. The actions must be relevant and help show intent or lack of mistake.
Attorneys like those at Stechschulte Nell can attest that early motion practice often shapes these issues before trial. Deciding what evidence will get in usually happens long before a jury is seated.
Preparing For Trial With A Clear Strategy
Pattern evidence has the potential to shift how a trial unfolds. For prosecutors, it builds a broader narrative. For defense, it offers a chance to provide context and question assumptions. These disputes often shape how juries understand the case.
When pattern evidence is involved, working with someone who understands the rules is key. A white collar crime lawyer will test whether the pattern stands up and present your case with clarity.